Research

5.2 Kantone:
Switzerland consists of 23 "Kantone" (singular "Kanton", also referred to as cantons or states), 3 of them are divided into "Halb-Kantone" (split states) with the following authorities: The cantons [|Appenzell], [|Glarus] and [|Unterwalden] do not perform elections and voting, but a so called "Landsgemeinde" , an out door assembly of all its citizens. The attendees raise their hands to show if they agree with or deny a particular request. The duties of the cantons are defined in their "Kantonsverfassung" (cantonal constitution) and include:
 *  "Grosser Rat", "Kantonsrat" or "Landesrat" (the name varies between the cantons), legislative authority
 *  "Kantonsregierung", executive authority
 *  "Kantonsgericht", judicial authority
 * Education
 * Transportation ( "Kantonsstrassen", cantonal roads)
 * Social institutions

5.3 Bezirke:
Each canton consists of a number of "Bezirke" (singular "Bezirk", districts) with the following authorities: The duties of the districts include:
 * People by voting and elections, legislative authority
 *  "Bezirksrat", executive authority
 *  "Bezirksgericht", judicial authority
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 15px;">Education
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 15px;">Judicature

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 12pt;">5.4 Gemeinden:
<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;">Each district consists of a number of "Gemeinden" (singular "Gemeinde", municipalities). There are a 2929 municipalities in Switzerland. A municipality with more than 10'000 citizens is considered a "Stadt" (town), smaller municipalities are called a "Dorf" (village). However, some smaller villages have the status of a town for historical reasons. Municipalities have the following authorities: <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;">The duties of the municipalities include: <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial;"> From:  []
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 15px;"> "Gemeindeversammlung", an assembly of all citizens, or people by voting and elections, legislative authority
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 15px;"> "Gemeinderat" or "Stadtrat", executive authority
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 15px;"> "Friedensrichter" (lay magistrate), judicial authority
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 15px;">Local services (electricity, water, fire brigade, police etc.)
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 15px;">Transportation ( "Gemeindestrassen", local roads)
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 15px;">Schools
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Arial; font-size: 15px;">Taxes (they vary significantly between the municipalities !)

//communities// and the relationships within and between them

translation migration dispersion unity stereotype

link to @https://sites.google.com/site/inquiryatisocs/

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:

For other uses, see [|Community (disambiguation)].
Idea for art?? Ripped photo collage @http://www.petapixel.com/2012/02/14/ripped-photo-collages-that-show-people-in-locations-across-time/

A [|community of interest] gathers at [|Stonehenge], England, for the summer solstice.

**DEFINITIONS**
====** Wikipedia: ** The term ** community ** has two distinct meanings: 1) A [|group] of interacting people, living in some proximity (i.e., in space, time, or relationship). Community usually refers to a social unit larger than a [|household] that shares common values and has [|social cohesion] . The term can also refer to the [|national community] or [|international community], and, 2) in [|biology] , a community is a group of [|interacting] [|living] [|organisms] sharing a populated [|environment]. In [|human] communities, [|intent], [|belief] , [|resources] , [|preferences] , [|needs] , [|risks] , and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the [|identity] of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness. Since the advent of the [|Internet], the concept of community has less geographical limitation, as people can now gather virtually in an online community and share common interests regardless of physical location. Prior to the internet, virtual communities (like social or academic organizations) were far more limited by the constraints of available communication and transportation technologies. The word "community" is derived from the [|Old French] // communité // which is derived from the [|Latin] // [|communitas] // ( // cum //, "with/together" + // munus // , "gift"), a broad term for fellowship or organized society. [|[1]] ====

** Diigo Library: **
Noun
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">A group of people living together in one place, esp. one practicing common ownership: "a community of nuns".
 * 2) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">All the people living in a particular area or place: "local communities".
 * 3) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">A group of people living together in one place, esp. one practicing common ownership
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- a community of nuns
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">All the people living in a particular area or place
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- local communities
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">A particular area or place considered together with its inhabitants
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- a rural community
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">The people of a district or country considered collectively, esp. in the context of social values and responsibilities; society
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- preparing prisoners for life back in the community
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">Denoting a worker or resource designed to serve the people of a particular area
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- community health services
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">A group of people having a religion, race, profession, or other particular characteristic in common
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- Rhode Island's Japanese community
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- the scientific community
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">A body of nations or states unified by common interests
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- the European Community
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- the African Economic Community
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">A feeling of fellowship with others, as a result of sharing common attitudes, interests, and goals
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- the sense of community that organized religion can provide
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">A similarity or identity
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- writers who shared a community of interests
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">Joint ownership or liability
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- a commitment to the community of goods
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">A group of interdependent organisms of different species growing or living together in a specified habitat
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #767676; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">- communities of insectivorous birds
 * 1) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">A set of species found in the same habitat or ecosystem at the same time.


 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">(Communities) individuals and/or organizations, within or across sectors, coming together in a physical or virtual (2.0/3.0) space, with shared ideas, interests, visions and goals; typically in peer relationships that utilize an agreed platform to enable interactivity and/or interoperability. ...
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #009933; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|www.definitions.bluheron.net/] **

=
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">(Communities) social or cultural groups or networks that share a common purpose, heritage, rights and responsibilities and/or other bonds. ...
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #009933; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">[|www.ecceleadership.org.au/node/21] **

= = Wild idea: =

if we took the goods and services we see around us, provided by the community of Cham, and traced them back to the larger need they fulfill: Library ---education---literacy---informed citizenship--good democratic government Fire Fighters--safety Police--safety Roadsmobility Bridges---mobility Tunnels---mobility Electricity Water---safety/health Sewage treatment--safety/health Recycling Center Schools---education---literacy---informed citizenship--good democratic government Public Transport Hospital--safety/health

what function did the Zug City walls, or the Cham castle walls fulfill? Why did they buiild the first bridge? the first tunnel?

etc.

**Quotes:**

 * 'Good fences make good neighbours.'**


 * Quote Garden**

media type="custom" key="10094677"

Idea: Brainstorm What do you think you'll find provided by the community in Cham? fire service hospital parks playgrounds Gemeinde buildings schools doctors, dentists and police in schools road cleaning services refuse collection information swimming pool gym church library planning department maintenance of parks, public buildings etc. support services recycling collection/depot permits citizen needs: passports police emergency services

View map of Cham and identify. Map these after visit to Cham.